Entry
Name
Human cytomegalovirus infection - Otolemur garnettii (small-eared galago)
Description
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that is a member of beta-herpesvirus family. HCMV is best known for causing significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. As with other herpesviruses, HCMV gB and gH/gL envelope glycoproteins are essential for virus entry. HCMV gB could activate the PDGFRA, and induce activation of the oncogenic PI3-K/AKT pathway. Though it is unlikely that HCMV by itself can act as an oncogenic factor, HCMV may have an oncomodulatory role, to catalyze an oncogenic process that has already been initiated. US28, one of the four HCMV-encoded vGPCRs (US27, US28, UL33 and UL78), also has a specific role in the oncomodulatory properties. In addition, HCMV has developed numerous mechanisms for manipulating the host immune system. The virally encoded US2, US3, US6 and US11 gene products all interfere with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation. HCMV encodes several immediate early (IE) antiapoptotic proteins (IE1, IE2, vMIA and vICA). These proteins might avoid immune clearance of infected tumor cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
oga05163 Human cytomegalovirus infection
Ortholog table
Organism
Otolemur garnettii (small-eared galago) [GN:
oga ]
Gene
100947138 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100953367 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100954109 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100956838 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
100952580 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K02649 ]
100949858 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
100963859 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
100951061 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
100955892 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
100952230 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171 ]
100964694 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
100940763 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
100950950 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
100961335 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
100954252 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
111726116 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
100947073 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
100967014 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
111723289 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
111724938 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
111728356 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
111723667 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545 ]
100954553 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
100950477 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
111727847 GNG14; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
111725594 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
100954240 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
111724020 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
100946783 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
100949562 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
100966182 PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100953462 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100964437 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
100961754 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100961025 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100945846 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100940498 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
100955220 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17332 ]
100966615 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 [KO:K17333 ]
100950273 NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17334 ]
100962114 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
100945007 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
100962000 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04630 ]
100966468 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
100956403 GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346 ]
100963709 GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639 ]
100942946 ARHGEF11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 [KO:K12331 ]
100957349 ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X2 [KO:K07532 ]
100966563 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
100958469 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
100964324 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05870 ]
100966891 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 [KO:K04450 ]
100940993 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
100966324 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048 ]
100951671 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
100941510 CREB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
100955062 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
100952085 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
100952718 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
100951769 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X2 [KO:K09049 ]
100955552 BCAR1; breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05726 ]
100962082 IL10RA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05134 ]
100961793 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100952503 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-46 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100957517 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100956897 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100959427 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751 ]
100946825 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-36 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
100947452 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100958806 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-42 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100952177 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100952822 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100954387 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-OKO alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100953138 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100951008 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389 ]
100957582 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Michaelis M, Doerr HW, Cinatl J
Title
The story of human cytomegalovirus and cancer: increasing evidence and open questions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roy S, Arav-Boger R
Title
New cell-signaling pathways for controlling cytomegalovirus replication.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J, Scholz M, Kotchetkov R, Vogel JU, Doerr HW
Title
Molecular mechanisms of the modulatory effects of HCMV infection in tumor cell biology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Evers DL, Wang X, Huang ES
Title
Cellular stress and signal transduction responses to human cytomegalovirus infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murray MJ, Peters NE, Reeves MB
Title
Navigating the Host Cell Response during Entry into Sites of Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Campadelli-Fiume G, Collins-McMillen D, Gianni T, Yurochko AD
Title
Integrins as Herpesvirus Receptors and Mediators of the Host Signalosome.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fu YZ, Su S, Gao YQ, Wang PP, Huang ZF, Hu MM, Luo WW, Li S, Luo MH, Wang YY, Shu HB
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein UL82 Inhibits STING-Mediated Signaling to Evade Antiviral Immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hancock MH, Nelson JA
Title
Modulation of the NFkappab Signalling Pathway by Human Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Virology (Hyderabad) 1:104 (2017)
Reference
Authors
Rahman MM, McFadden G
Title
Modulation of NF-kappaB signalling by microbial pathogens.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang J, Feng H, Xu S, Feng P
Title
Hijacking GPCRs by viral pathogens and tumor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee S, Chung YH, Lee C
Title
US28, a Virally-Encoded GPCR as an Antiviral Target for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Langemeijer EV, Slinger E, de Munnik S, Schreiber A, Maussang D, Vischer H, Verkaar F, Leurs R, Siderius M, Smit MJ
Title
Constitutive beta-catenin signaling by the viral chemokine receptor US28.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Couty JP, Gershengorn MC
Title
G-protein-coupled receptors encoded by human herpesviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fiallos E, Judkins J, Matlaf L, Prichard M, Dittmer D, Cobbs C, Soroceanu L
Title
Human cytomegalovirus gene expression in long-term infected glioma stem cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Siderius M, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs: neglected players in inflammatory and proliferative diseases?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Slinger E, Langemeijer E, Siderius M, Vischer HF, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs rewire cellular signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murphy PM
Title
Viral exploitation and subversion of the immune system through chemokine mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
HCMV-encoded G-protein-coupled receptors as constitutively active modulators of cellular signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Munnik SM, Smit MJ, Leurs R, Vischer HF
Title
Modulation of cellular signaling by herpesvirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Michelson S
Title
Consequences of human cytomegalovirus mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tu CC, Arnolds KL, O'Connor CM, Spencer JV
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus UL111A and US27 Gene Products Enhance the CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Axis via Distinct Mechanisms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Busillo JM, Benovic JL
Title
Regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noriega V, Redmann V, Gardner T, Tortorella D
Title
Diverse immune evasion strategies by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Loureiro J, Ploegh HL
Title
Antigen presentation and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in host-pathogen interactions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fortunato EA, McElroy AK, Sanchez I, Spector DH
Title
Exploitation of cellular signaling and regulatory pathways by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Scholz M, Doerr HW
Title
Role of tumor cell immune escape mechanisms in cytomegalovirus-mediated oncomodulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Vogel JU, Kotchetkov R, Wilhelm Doerr H
Title
Oncomodulatory signals by regulatory proteins encoded by human cytomegalovirus: a novel role for viral infection in tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Castillo JP, Kowalik TF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus immediate early proteins and cell growth control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kalejta RF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus pp71: a new viral tool to probe the mechanisms of cell cycle progression and oncogenesis controlled by the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W
Title
Inhibition of programmed cell death by cytomegaloviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W, Andoniou CE
Title
Die Another Day: Inhibition of Cell Death Pathways by Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamin R, Lecker LSM, Weisblum Y, Vitenshtein A, Le-Trilling VTK, Wolf DG, Mandelboim O
Title
HCMV vCXCL1 Binds Several Chemokine Receptors and Preferentially Attracts Neutrophils over NK Cells by Interacting with CXCR2.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang X, Sanchez J, Stone MJ, Payne RJ
Title
Sulfation of the Human Cytomegalovirus Protein UL22A Enhances Binding to the Chemokine RANTES.
Journal
Related pathway
oga04612 Antigen processing and presentation
oga04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
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