KEGG   PATHWAY: mpah05010
Entry
mpah05010                   Pathway                                
Name
Alzheimer disease - Mus pahari (shrew mouse)
Description
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. It was proposed that Abeta form Ca2+ permeable pores and bind to and modulate multiple synaptic proteins, including NMDAR, mGluR5 and VGCC, leading to the overfilling of neurons with calcium ions. Consequently, cellular Ca2+ disruptions will lead to neuronal apoptosis, autophagy deficits, mitochondrial abnormality, defective neurotransmission, impaired synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in AD. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
mpah05010  Alzheimer disease
mpah05010

Organism
Mus pahari (shrew mouse) [GN:mpah]
Gene
110327224  Adam10; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 [KO:K06704] [EC:3.4.24.81]
110324376  Adam17; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 isoform X1 [KO:K06059] [EC:3.4.24.86]
110329604  App; amyloid beta A4 protein isoform X1 [KO:K04520]
110337818  Nae1; NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit [KO:K04532]
110322725  Apbb1; amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1 [KO:K04529]
110317091  Gapdh; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
110330614  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
110320784  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
110327288  Bace1; beta-secretase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04521] [EC:3.4.23.46]
110329601  Bace2; beta-secretase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07747] [EC:3.4.23.45]
110319934  Rtn3; reticulon-3 isoform X1 [KO:K20723]
110330702  Rtn4; reticulon-4 isoform X1 [KO:K20720]
110332337  Psenen; gamma-secretase subunit PEN-2 [KO:K06170]
110324269  Psen1; presenilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04505] [EC:3.4.23.-]
110321711  Psen2; presenilin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04522] [EC:3.4.23.-]
110321583  Ncstn; nicastrin isoform X1 [KO:K06171]
110320004  Aph1a; gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A isoform X1 [KO:K06172]
110328000  gamma-secretase subunit APH-1B isoform X1 [KO:K06172]
110328376  putative gamma-secretase subunit APH-1C [KO:K06172]
110336819  Ide; insulin-degrading enzyme isoform X1 [KO:K01408] [EC:3.4.24.56]
110319726  Mme; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
110331493  Mapt; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
36165356  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
36165352  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
36165337  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
36165334  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
36165335  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
36165330  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
36165329  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110316888  Ndufv1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110335628  Ndufv2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110338235  Ndufv3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
110313685  Ndufa1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
110333203  Ndufa2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
110337062  Ndufa3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
110326234  Ndufa4l2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
110317006  Ndufa4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
110316386  Ndufa5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
110335084  Ndufa6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
110335777  Ndufa7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
110318772  Ndufa8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
110316704  Ndufa9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
110321748  Ndufa10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
110328243  Ndufab1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
110335867  Ndufa11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
110326784  Ndufa12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K11352]
110336643  Ndufa13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
110324555  Ndufb1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
110317149  Ndufb2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
110322308  Ndufb3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
110326037  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03959]
110329959  Ndufb4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
110320492  Ndufb5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961]
110338914  Ndufb6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
110333533  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6-like [KO:K03962]
110337650  Ndufb7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
110331668  Ndufb8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964]
110334970  Ndufb9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965]
110338345  Ndufb10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
110314570  Ndufb11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
110321204  Ndufs1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110321406  Ndufs2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110318572  Ndufs3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110329019  Ndufs4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937]
110323693  Ndufs5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
110329167  Ndufs6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
110326881  Ndufs7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110327359  Ndufs8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110320722  Ndufc1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
110332408  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 isoform X1 [KO:K03968]
110328746  Sdha; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
110323139  Sdhb; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
110322178  Sdhc; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236]
110324197  succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
110328112  Sdhd; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
110333870  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
36165327  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
110334724  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
110327331  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
110318232  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
110323660  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
110334014  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
110332489  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
110330872  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
110326979  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
36165339  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
36165346  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
36165343  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
110319299  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
110337554  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
110328046  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
110322258  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
110313018  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
110325548  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
110332943  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
110336798  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 isoform X1 [KO:K02267]
110335202  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
110328169  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
110338814  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
110335711  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
110313979  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
110330226  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
110329085  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
110332346  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
110324960  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
110339130  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
110333376  Atp5a1; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02132]
110324657  ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
110326266  Atp5b; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
110333647  Atp5c1; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial [KO:K02136]
110326670  Atp5d; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02134]
110319359  Atp5e; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
36165340  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
110320209  Atp5f1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
110318554  Atp5g3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
110331847  Atp5g1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
110334965  Atp5g2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
110320480  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K02138]
110332361  Atp5h; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02138]
110329905  Atp5o; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
110329594  Atp5j; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
36165341  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
110313838  Hsd17b10; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K08683] [EC:1.1.1.35 1.1.1.178]
110320185  Ppid; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase D [KO:K05864] [EC:5.2.1.8]
110331342  Vdac1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05862]
110325370  Vdac2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
110336305  Vdac3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
110313362  Slc25a5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
110336417  Slc25a4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
110320569  Slc25a31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
110325751  Ppif; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
110336613  Lpl; lipoprotein lipase [KO:K01059] [EC:3.1.1.34]
110336554  Apoe; apolipoprotein E [KO:K04524]
110326058  Lrp1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 [KO:K04550]
110332797  Fas; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
110316225  Tnfrsf1a; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
110333124  Fadd; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
110321675  Casp8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
110316901  Bid; BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
110328293  Calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
110334170  Calml3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
110334182  calmodulin-4 [KO:K02183]
110336102  Calm2; calmodulin isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
110324261  Calm1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
110336466  Calm3; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
110321008  Ppp3ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
110325335  Ppp3cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
110325367  Ppp3cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
110330477  Ppp3r1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06268]
110322987  Ppp3r2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
110326250  Bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
110332378  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
110316223  cytochrome c, somatic [KO:K08738]
110317786  cytochrome c, testis-specific [KO:K08738]
110326877  Apaf1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
110323338  Casp9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
110336608  Casp3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
110331831  Chrm1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
110333959  Chrm3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
110318980  Chrm5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
110318463  Grm5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04604]
110336980  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
110336671  Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110317815  Plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110318415  Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110319646  Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110319261  Grin1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208]
110329701  Grin2a; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
110316284  Grin2b; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
110331735  Grin2c; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C [KO:K05211]
110319211  Grin2d; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212]
110317086  Cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
110325961  Cacna1d; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
110313596  Cacna1f; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
110322010  Cacna1s; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
110323262  Chrna7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04809]
110326646  Mcu; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
110329343  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
110320020  Mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
110319080  Ryr3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
110317210  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
110317251  Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
110338229  Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
110313023  Atp2a2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110331248  Atp2a3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110338394  Atp2a1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110321899  Atf6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
110330475  Xbp1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
110326609  Ddit3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
110331346  Ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
110318405  Traf2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
110337870  Map3k5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
110336400  Map2k7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
110330449  Mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
110332652  Mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
110325466  Mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
110324429  Eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
110334651  Atf4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
110324196  Psma6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110333899  Psma2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110327417  Psma4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110319566  Psma7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110333269  Psma8; proteasome subunit alpha type-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110320113  Psma5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110321258  Psma1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110324319  Psma3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110331969  Psmb6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110317854  Psmb7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110332263  Psmb3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110323478  Psmb2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110325463  Psmb5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110338158  Psmb1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110320096  Psmb4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110317419  Psmc2; 26S protease regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
110324155  Psmc1; 26S protease regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03062]
110317526  Psmc4; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6B isoform X1 [KO:K03063]
110325226  Psmc6; 26S protease regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
110317665  Psmc3; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
110331458  Psmc5; 26S protease regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03066]
110329924  Psmd2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03028]
110321309  Psmd1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03032]
110332775  Psmd3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
110312964  Psmd9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
110331343  Psmd12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K03035]
110331208  Psmd11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
110325295  Psmd6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03037]
110337398  Psmd7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
110319108  Psmd13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K03039]
110318110  Psmd14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
110323088  Psmd8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
110318228  Adrm1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
110319004  proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1-like [KO:K06691]
110317098  Sem1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
110327565  caspase-12-like [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
110312876  Nos1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
110316020  Capn1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
110321506  Capn2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
110332117  Cdk5r1; cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 [KO:K11716]
110326925  Slc39a3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
110325864  Slc39a2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
110320369  Slc39a1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
110335067  Slc39a4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
110326807  Slc39a5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
110333255  Slc39a6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
110335563  Slc39a7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 isoform X1 [KO:K14713]
110320285  Slc39a8; zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
110324284  Slc39a9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
110322097  Slc39a10; zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
110332687  Slc39a11; zinc transporter ZIP11 [KO:K14717]
110319120  Slc39a12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X1 [KO:K14718]
110318319  Slc39a13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
110325482  Slc39a14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
110334498  Slc11a2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
110315989  Cdk5; cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K02090] [EC:2.7.11.22]
110329614  Gsk3b; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
110328167  Casp7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
110320249  Dkk2; dickkopf-related protein 2 [KO:K02165]
110332163  Dkk1; dickkopf-related protein 1 [KO:K02165]
110337143  Dkk4; dickkopf-related protein 4 [KO:K02165]
110335204  Wnt1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
110316416  Wnt2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
110320339  Wnt2b; protein Wnt-2b [KO:K00182]
110331952  Wnt3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
110331285  Wnt3a; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
110323343  Wnt4; protein Wnt-4 isoform X1 [KO:K00408]
110316538  Wnt5b; protein Wnt-5b [KO:K00444]
110325571  Wnt5a; protein Wnt-5a isoform X1 [KO:K00444]
110321884  Wnt6; protein Wnt-6 [KO:K00445]
110316305  Wnt7a; protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
110335001  Wnt7b; protein Wnt-7b isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
110330357  Wnt8b; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
110333515  Wnt8a; protein Wnt-8a [KO:K00714]
110331284  Wnt9a; protein Wnt-9a isoform X1 [KO:K01064]
110332442  Wnt9b; protein Wnt-9b [KO:K01064]
110335137  Wnt10b; protein Wnt-10b isoform X1 [KO:K01357]
110322230  Wnt10a; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
110325401  Wnt11; protein Wnt-11 isoform X1 [KO:K01384]
110317136  Wnt16; protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
110316646  Fzd1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
110321753  Fzd7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
110331922  Fzd2; frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
110325524  Fzd3; frizzled-3 [KO:K02329]
110325899  Fzd4; frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
110321741  Fzd5; frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
110333155  Fzd8; frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
110334890  Fzd6; frizzled-6 [KO:K02376]
110339184  Fzd10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
110312856  Fzd9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
110338873  Lrp5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 [KO:K03068]
110314261  Lrp6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
110334729  casein kinase I [KO:K08960] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110329595  Dvl3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
110323116  Dvl1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
110331183  Dvl2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
110324178  proto-oncogene FRAT1-like [KO:K03069]
110329160  Frat1; proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
110331957  Frat2; GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2 [KO:K03096]
110317612  Csnk2a1; casein kinase II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110337286  Csnk2a2; casein kinase II subunit alpha' [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110335376  Csnk2b; casein kinase II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K03115]
110338127  Axin1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
110331423  Axin2; axin-2 [KO:K04385]
110333195  Apc; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
110326173  Apc2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
110328516  Ctnnb1; catenin beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02105]
110333354  Csnk1a1; casein kinase I isoform X1 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110332910  Kif5b; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
110326230  Kif5a; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
110318104  Kif5c; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
110319541  Klc2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
110336348  Klc3; kinesin light chain 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
110324984  Klc1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
110335434  Klc4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
110316306  tubulin alpha-3 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
110321284  Tuba4a; tubulin alpha-4A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
110334563  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like [KO:K07374]
110316395  Tuba8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
110316417  tubulin alpha-3 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
110334627  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
110325235  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
110334021  Tubal3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
110319104  Tubb1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
110333011  Tubb6; tubulin beta-6 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
110335873  Tubb; tubulin beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
110335384  Tubb4a; tubulin beta-4A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
110337799  Tubb3; tubulin beta-3 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
110333774  tubulin beta-2A chain-like [KO:K07375]
110319452  Tubb4b; tubulin beta-4B chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
110333829  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta-2B chain-like [KO:K07375]
110335608  Ager; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform X1 [KO:K19722]
110318967  GTPase HRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
110319567  Hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
110338480  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K02833]
110333346  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K02833]
110316221  Kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
110320340  Nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
110314283  Araf; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110316269  Braf; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110314893  Raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110327244  Map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
110326321  Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
110313286  Nox1; NADPH oxidase 1 [KO:K08008]
110313555  cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
110317743  Nox4; NADPH oxidase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K21423] [EC:1.6.3.-]
110317041  Rela; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
110319789  Nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
110331408  Nos2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
110321554  Ptgs2; prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 [KO:K11987] [EC:1.14.99.1]
110315297  prostaglandin G/H synthase 2-like [KO:K11987] [EC:1.14.99.1]
110335791  Tnf; tumor necrosis factor isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
110317140  Il6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
110319393  Il1a; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
110319321  Il1b; interleukin-1 beta isoform X1 [KO:K04519]
110320052  Csf1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 [KO:K05453]
110316447  Snca; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
110335815  Eif2ak2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110334538  Chuk; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
110336182  Ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
110313464  Ikbkg; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
110333420  insulin-1 [KO:K04526]
110326410  insulin-2 [KO:K04526]
110336317  Insr; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
110321270  Irs1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
110336729  Irs2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
110313986  Irs4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
110328811  Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
110336420  Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
110322865  Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
110323448  Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
110319750  Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
110327251  Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
110317258  Akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110324386  Akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110322284  Akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110323363  Mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110339107  Ulk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110331327  Ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110334989  Atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
110317587  Atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
110338658  Rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
110317534  Ambra1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
110331121  Becn1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
110327680  Pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110325448  Atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
110326783  Nrbf2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
110332837  Pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
110324091  Atg2b; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
110330064  Atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
110331591  Wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
110339041  Wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00038  Zinc cation
C00070  Copper
C00076  Calcium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01319  Hg
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C14818  Fe2+
C16514  Amyloid beta protein 40
C16515  Amyloid beta protein 42
C16845  Peroxynitrite
C19610  Manganese(2+)
C21011  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
C21013  [Protein]-pyrraline
C21014  [Protein]-pentosidine
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Apoptotic mechanisms in Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration: cause or effect?
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J Clin Invest 114:23-7 (2004)
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Presenilin-mediated signal transduction.
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De Felice FG, Lourenco MV, Ferreira ST
  Title
How does brain insulin resistance develop in Alzheimer's disease?
  Journal
Alzheimers Dement 10:S26-32 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.12.004
Reference
PMID:26136647
  Authors
Bedse G, Di Domenico F, Serviddio G, Cassano T
  Title
Aberrant insulin signaling in Alzheimer's disease: current knowledge.
  Journal
Front Neurosci 9:204 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fnins.2015.00204
Reference
PMID:20101724
  Authors
Funderburk SF, Marcellino BK, Yue Z
  Title
Cell "self-eating" (autophagy) mechanism in Alzheimer's disease.
  Journal
Mt Sinai J Med 77:59-68 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/msj.20161
Related
pathway
mpah00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
mpah03050  Proteasome
mpah04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mpah04140  Autophagy - animal
mpah04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mpah04210  Apoptosis
mpah04310  Wnt signaling pathway
mpah04910  Insulin signaling pathway
mpah04933  AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
KO pathway
ko05010   
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