Entry
Name
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway - Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal)
Description
The phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, translation, proliferation, growth, and survival. The binding of growth factors to their receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) or G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) stimulates class Ia and Ib PI3K isoforms, respectively. PI3K catalyzes the production of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) at the cell membrane. PIP3 in turn serves as a second messenger that helps to activate Akt. Once active, Akt can control key cellular processes by phosphorylating substrates involved in apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism, and cell cycle.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal) [GN:
mlx ]
Gene
118022565 FGF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 2 [KO:K18497 ]
117999262 PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359 ]
117998664 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386 ]
118019025 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453 ]
117998303 FLT3LG; fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand isoform X1 [KO:K05454 ]
118015992 VEGFB; vascular endothelial growth factor B isoform X1 [KO:K16858 ]
118010093 VEGFC; vascular endothelial growth factor C isoform X1 [KO:K05449 ]
118006945 VEGFD; vascular endothelial growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05449 ]
118024782 NGFR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 [KO:K02583 ]
118018155 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1-like [KO:K04392 ]
117999338 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
118024316 PIK3AP1; phosphoinositide 3-kinase adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12230 ]
118006407 oncostatin-M-specific receptor subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K05057 ]
118006499 oncostatin-M-specific receptor subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K05057 ]
118026667 IL3RA; interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04737 ]
117999673 IL4R; interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05071 ]
118019680 CSF3R; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05061 ]
118003466 COL6A5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-5(VI) chain [KO:K06238 ]
118004424 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
118020028 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
118006556 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
118016863 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
118019468 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
118006042 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
118020099 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
117999428 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
118025725 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825 ]
118006633 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
118003742 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
118002589 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
118015951 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
118012933 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
118009573 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542 ]
118019223 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
118010631 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542 ]
118005543 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
117998037 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
118022245 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545 ]
118001310 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545 ]
118017819 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
118003372 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11-like [KO:K04546 ]
118020767 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
118019289 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
118005796 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
118021679 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
118020768 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
118024789 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
118020625 PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
118000062 PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290 ]
118000064 PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290 ]
118021723 MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266 ]
118009966 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
118015501 EIF4E1B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 1B [KO:K03259 ]
118011934 EIF4E2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03259 ]
118008810 EIF4B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B isoform X1 [KO:K03258 ]
118005981 MAGI1; membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05631 ]
118020673 MAGI2; membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K05629 ]
118016640 PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
117998379 PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456 ]
118013220 PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456 ]
118022103 PPP2R2A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
118016779 PPP2R2B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
118010733 PPP2R2C; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, gamma [KO:K04354 ]
117997823 PPP2R2D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
118002828 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
118002870 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
118004050 PPP2R3A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
118026663 PPP2R3B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
118001186 PPP2R5D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584 ]
118016017 PPP2R5B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform [KO:K11584 ]
118002322 PPP2R5E; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform [KO:K11584 ]
118002344 PPP2R5C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
118014309 PPP2R5A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
118014942 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock protein HSP 90-beta-like [KO:K04079 ]
118013831 CRTC2; CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16333 ]
118014469 FASLG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
118012101 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
118012308 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
117998657 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
118015807 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
118017967 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
118005189 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
118013832 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
118021134 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
118021299 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 [KO:K09047 ]
118027308 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
118000307 MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 [KO:K02539 ]
118027047 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
Compound
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Engelman JA, Luo J, Cantley LC
Title
The evolution of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases as regulators of growth and metabolism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Song G, Ouyang G, Bao S
Title
The activation of Akt/PKB signaling pathway and cell survival.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hers I, Vincent EE, Tavare JM
Title
Akt signalling in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Duronio V
Title
The life of a cell: apoptosis regulation by the PI3K/PKB pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kim D, Chung J.
Title
Akt: versatile mediator of cell survival and beyond.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Koyasu S
Title
The role of PI3K in immune cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Okkenhaug K, Vanhaesebroeck B.
Title
PI3K in lymphocyte development, differentiation and activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Richardson CJ, Schalm SS, Blenis J
Title
PI3-kinase and TOR: PIKTORing cell growth.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang X, Tang N, Hadden TJ, Rishi AK
Title
Akt, FoxO and regulation of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Georgescu MM
Title
PTEN Tumor Suppressor Network in PI3K-Akt Pathway Control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
West KA, Castillo SS, Dennis PA
Title
Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and chemotherapeutic resistance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wymann MP, Pirola L
Title
Structure and function of phosphoinositide 3-kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moelling K, Schad K, Bosse M, Zimmermann S, Schweneker M
Title
Regulation of Raf-Akt Cross-talk.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kikani CK, Dong LQ, Liu F
Title
"New"-clear functions of PDK1: beyond a master kinase in the cytosol?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Blume-Jensen P, Hunter T
Title
Oncogenic kinase signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Osaki M, Oshimura M, Ito H
Title
PI3K-Akt pathway: its functions and alterations in human cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noguchi M, Ropars V, Roumestand C, Suizu F
Title
Proto-oncogene TCL1: more than just a coactivator for Akt.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Skaper SD
Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
Journal
Related pathway
mlx04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
mlx04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
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