Entry
Name
Lipid and atherosclerosis - Mus musculus (house mouse)
Description
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by a narrowing of the arteries from lipid-rich plaques present within the walls of arterial blood vessels. It represents the root cause of the majority of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their complications, including conditions such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and stroke. An elevated level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol constitutes a major risk factor for genesis of atherosclerosis. LDL can accumulate within the blood vessel wall and undergo modification by oxidation. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) leads to endothelial dysfunction leading to expression of adhesion molecules and recruitment of monocyte in subendothelial space. The monocytes proliferate, differentiate into macrophages, and take up the lipoproteins, forming cholesterol-engorged "foam cells." With the time, the foam cells die, leaving a 'necrotic core' of crystalline cholesterol and cell debris. Smooth muscle cells proliferate and migrate into the region, laying down a protective cap over the lesion. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), which mediates the recognition and internalization of oxLDL, is involved in all of these events critical in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Class
Human Diseases; Cardiovascular disease
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Disease
Organism
Mus musculus (house mouse) [GN:
mmu ]
Gene
106759 Ticam1; TIR domain containing adaptor molecule 1 [KO:K05842 ]
108078 Olr1; oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1 [KO:K08763 ]
11303 Abca1; ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A member 1 [KO:K05641 ]
11307 Abcg1; ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1 [KO:K05679 ]
11596 Ager; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor [KO:K19722 ]
117149 Tirap; toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor protein [KO:K05403 ]
11783 Apaf1; apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 [KO:K02084 ]
11911 Atf4; activating transcription factor 4 [KO:K04374 ]
12015 Bad; BCL2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158 ]
12122 Bid; BH3 interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726 ]
13057 Cyba; cytochrome b-245, alpha polypeptide [KO:K08009 ]
13058 Cybb; cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide [KO:K21421 ] [EC:1.-.-.-]
13198 Ddit3; DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 [KO:K04452 ]
13665 Eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 1 alpha [KO:K03237 ]
13666 Eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
14825 Cxcl1; C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 [KO:K05505 ]
15461 Hras; Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene [KO:K02833 ]
15516 Hsp90ab1; heat shock protein 90 alpha (cytosolic), class B member 1 [KO:K04079 ]
15519 Hsp90aa1; heat shock protein 90, alpha (cytosolic), class A member 1 [KO:K04079 ]
15894 Icam1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490 ]
16151 Ikbkg; inhibitor of kappaB kinase gamma [KO:K07210 ]
16438 Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 [KO:K04958 ]
16653 Kras; Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog [KO:K07827 ]
16801 Arhgef1; Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K12330 ]
16803 Lbp; lipopolysaccharide binding protein [KO:K05399 ]
16835 Ldlr; low density lipoprotein receptor [KO:K12473 ]
17874 Myd88; myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 [KO:K04729 ]
18018 Nfatc1; nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1 [KO:K04446 ]
18019 Nfatc2; nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 2 [KO:K17332 ]
18021 Nfatc3; nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 3 [KO:K17333 ]
18024 Nfe2l2; nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 [KO:K05638 ]
18033 Nfkb1; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 [KO:K02580 ]
18035 Nfkbia; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha [KO:K04734 ]
18706 Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
18707 Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
18708 Pik3r1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649 ]
18709 Pik3r2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649 ]
18710 Pik3r3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649 ]
18986 Pou2f1; POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 [KO:K09364 ]
18987 Pou2f2; POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 2 [KO:K09364 ]
18988 Pou2f3; POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 3 [KO:K09364 ]
19016 Pparg; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma [KO:K08530 ]
19055 Ppp3ca; protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, alpha isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
19057 Ppp3cc; protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, gamma isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
19058 Ppp3r1; protein phosphatase 3, regulatory subunit B, alpha isoform (calcineurin B, type I) [KO:K06268 ]
19059 Ppp3r2; protein phosphatase 3, regulatory subunit B, alpha isoform (calcineurin B, type II) [KO:K06268 ]
19697 Rela; v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) [KO:K04735 ]
20310 Cxcl2; C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 [KO:K05505 ]
20848 Stat3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [KO:K04692 ]
21353 Tank; TRAF family member-associated Nf-kappa B activator [KO:K12650 ]
216799 Nlrp3; NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 [KO:K12800 ]
21933 Tnfrsf10b; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b [KO:K04722 ]
21937 Tnfrsf1a; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a [KO:K03158 ]
22027 Hsp90b1; heat shock protein 90, beta (Grp94), member 1 [KO:K09487 ]
22031 Traf3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 [KO:K03174 ]
22035 Tnfsf10; tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10 [KO:K04721 ]
22059 Trp53; transformation related protein 53 [KO:K04451 ]
22329 Vcam1; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06527 ]
22359 Vldlr; very low density lipoprotein receptor [KO:K20053 ]
225471 Ticam2; TIR domain containing adaptor molecule 2 [KO:K05409 ]
50527 Ero1a; endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha [KO:K10950 ] [EC:1.8.4.-]
66513 Tab1; TGF-beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 1 [KO:K04403 ]
66824 Pycard; PYD and CARD domain containing [KO:K12799 ]
67653 4930544G11Rik; RIKEN cDNA 4930544G11 gene [KO:K04513 ]
68652 Tab2; TGF-beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 2 [KO:K04404 ]
74769 Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C21011 [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012 [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
Reference
Authors
Hopkins PN
Title
Molecular biology of atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Weber C, Noels H
Title
Atherosclerosis: current pathogenesis and therapeutic options.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tabas I, Garcia-Cardena G, Owens GK
Title
Recent insights into the cellular biology of atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tall AR, Yvan-Charvet L
Title
Cholesterol, inflammation and innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kattoor AJ, Goel A, Mehta JL
Title
LOX-1: Regulation, Signaling and Its Role in Atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mehta JL, Li D
Title
Identification, regulation and function of a novel lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Li D, Mehta JL
Title
Intracellular signaling of LOX-1 in endothelial cell apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lubrano V, Balzan S
Title
LOX-1 and ROS, inseparable factors in the process of endothelial damage.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Xu S, Ogura S, Chen J, Little PJ, Moss J, Liu P
Title
LOX-1 in atherosclerosis: biological functions and pharmacological modifiers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mitra S, Goyal T, Mehta JL
Title
Oxidized LDL, LOX-1 and atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lu J, Mitra S, Wang X, Khaidakov M, Mehta JL
Title
Oxidative stress and lectin-like ox-LDL-receptor LOX-1 in atherogenesis and tumorigenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ou HC, Song TY, Yeh YC, Huang CY, Yang SF, Chiu TH, Tsai KL, Chen KL, Wu YJ, Tsai CS, Chang LY, Kuo WW, Lee SD
Title
EGCG protects against oxidized LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting LOX-1-mediated signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chen XP, Zhang TT, Du GH
Title
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, a new promising target for the therapy of atherosclerosis?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mattaliano MD, Wooters J, Shih HH, Paulsen JE
Title
ROCK2 associates with lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 and mediates oxidized LDL-induced IL-8 production.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Salvador B, Arranz A, Francisco S, Cordoba L, Punzon C, Llamas MA, Fresno M
Title
Modulation of endothelial function by Toll like receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moore KJ, Sheedy FJ, Fisher EA
Title
Macrophages in atherosclerosis: a dynamic balance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Butoi E, Gan AM, Manduteanu I
Title
Molecular and functional interactions among monocytes/macrophages and smooth muscle cells and their relevance for atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sheedy FJ, Moore KJ
Title
IL-1 signaling in atherosclerosis: sibling rivalry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moore KJ, Tabas I
Title
Macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gui T, Shimokado A, Sun Y, Akasaka T, Muragaki Y
Title
Diverse roles of macrophages in atherosclerosis: from inflammatory biology to biomarker discovery.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Collot-Teixeira S, Martin J, McDermott-Roe C, Poston R, McGregor JL
Title
CD36 and macrophages in atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Park YM, Febbraio M, Silverstein RL
Title
CD36 modulates migration of mouse and human macrophages in response to oxidized LDL and may contribute to macrophage trapping in the arterial intima.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Park YM
Title
CD36, a scavenger receptor implicated in atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Seimon TA, Nadolski MJ, Liao X, Magallon J, Nguyen M, Feric NT, Koschinsky ML, Harkewicz R, Witztum JL, Tsimikas S, Golenbock D, Moore KJ, Tabas I
Title
Atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins trigger CD36-TLR2-dependent apoptosis in macrophages undergoing endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nimgulkar C, Ghosh S, Sankar AB, Uday KP, Surekha MV, Madhusudhanachary P, Annapurna BR, Raghu P, Bharatraj DK
Title
Combination of spices and herbal extract restores macrophage foam cell migration and abrogates the athero-inflammatory signalling cascade of atherogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Canton J, Neculai D, Grinstein S
Title
Scavenger receptors in homeostasis and immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Erridge C
Title
The roles of Toll-like receptors in atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Seneviratne AN, Sivagurunathan B, Monaco C
Title
Toll-like receptors and macrophage activation in atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Miller YI, Choi SH, Wiesner P, Fang L, Harkewicz R, Hartvigsen K, Boullier A, Gonen A, Diehl CJ, Que X, Montano E, Shaw PX, Tsimikas S, Binder CJ, Witztum JL
Title
Oxidation-specific epitopes are danger-associated molecular patterns recognized by pattern recognition receptors of innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tabas I
Title
The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the progression of atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grootaert MOJ, Moulis M, Roth L, Martinet W, Vindis C, Bennett MR, De Meyer GRY
Title
Vascular smooth muscle cell death, autophagy and senescence in atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lipskaia L, Pourci ML, Delomenie C, Combettes L, Goudouneche D, Paul JL, Capiod T, Lompre AM
Title
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and calcium-activated transcription pathways are required for VLDL-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cervantes Gracia K, Llanas-Cornejo D, Husi H
Title
CVD and Oxidative Stress.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hansson GK, Hermansson A
Title
The immune system in atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roy H, Bhardwaj S, Yla-Herttuala S
Title
Molecular genetics of atherosclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lusis AJ, Fogelman AM, Fonarow GC
Title
Genetic basis of atherosclerosis: part I: new genes and pathways.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lusis AJ, Mar R, Pajukanta P
Title
Genetics of atherosclerosis.
Journal
Related pathway
mmu04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mmu04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
mmu04621 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
mmu04670 Leukocyte transendothelial migration
mmu05418 Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis
KO pathway