Entry
Name
Human cytomegalovirus infection - Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey)
Description
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that is a member of beta-herpesvirus family. HCMV is best known for causing significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. As with other herpesviruses, HCMV gB and gH/gL envelope glycoproteins are essential for virus entry. HCMV gB could activate the PDGFRA, and induce activation of the oncogenic PI3-K/AKT pathway. Though it is unlikely that HCMV by itself can act as an oncogenic factor, HCMV may have an oncomodulatory role, to catalyze an oncogenic process that has already been initiated. US28, one of the four HCMV-encoded vGPCRs (US27, US28, UL33 and UL78), also has a specific role in the oncomodulatory properties. In addition, HCMV has developed numerous mechanisms for manipulating the host immune system. The virally encoded US2, US3, US6 and US11 gene products all interfere with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation. HCMV encodes several immediate early (IE) antiapoptotic proteins (IE1, IE2, vMIA and vICA). These proteins might avoid immune clearance of infected tumor cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
mcc05163 Human cytomegalovirus infection
Disease
H00368 Cytomegalovirus infection
Organism
Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) [GN:
mcc ]
Gene
100169972 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
100187576 MAMU-AG; major histocompatibility complex, class I, AG precursor [KO:K06751 ]
100424606 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
100429106 GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 isoform X1 [KO:K04346 ]
114673968 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
114673987 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04544 ]
574128 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
574159 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
574209 VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05448 ]
574332 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 precursor [KO:K04390 ]
574334 CXCL12; stromal cell-derived factor 1 precursor [KO:K10031 ]
574394 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha [KO:K04534 ]
613251 PTGER1; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype [KO:K04258 ]
693753 CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183 ]
694353 TMEM173; stimulator of interferon genes protein [KO:K12654 ]
695220 PTGER4; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype [KO:K04261 ]
695441 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
696350 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
696709 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860 ]
697718 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
698089 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04446 ]
698160 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171 ]
698172 AKAP13; A-kinase anchor protein 13 isoform X6 [KO:K16529 ]
698840 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
698996 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649 ]
699072 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
699243 MAMU-A3; major histocompatibility complex, class I, A isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
699310 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
700606 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
700724 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
701237 IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210 ]
701951 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
702041 GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364 ]
702390 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X2 [KO:K17333 ]
703398 PTGER3; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform X2 [KO:K04260 ]
703399 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
703514 CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02183 ]
703628 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
703669 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
703780 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
703965 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
704383 IL10RA; interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05134 ]
705680 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
706012 IL10RB; interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K05135 ]
706955 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X7 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
707310 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
708013 RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K02861 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
708024 PTGER2; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype [KO:K04259 ]
708193 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
708233 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
708606 FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373 ]
708714 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
708717 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 [KO:K05870 ]
708940 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630 ]
709076 MAMU-F; mamu class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F precursor [KO:K06751 ]
709489 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
709511 CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K04467 ] [EC:2.7.11.10 ]
709773 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
709959 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
710000 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
710324 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580 ]
710548 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
710552 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
710601 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
711335 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
711532 MAMU-E; major histocompatibility complex, class I, E precursor [KO:K06751 ]
711832 MAMU-A; major histocompatibility complex, class I, A isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
711879 TRAF5; TNF receptor-associated factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09849 ]
712096 ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X2 [KO:K07532 ]
712610 ELK1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 [KO:K04375 ]
713391 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
713777 SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099 ]
713904 E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620 ]
713913 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
713965 BCAR1; breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05726 ]
714785 NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 isoform X2 [KO:K17334 ]
714981 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
715919 RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735 ]
715951 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048 ]
716098 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
716690 IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K05055 ]
717050 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
717755 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
717764 PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
718040 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
718144 GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 isoform X1 [KO:K04639 ]
718223 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
718387 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
718418 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X3 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
718632 PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
718727 ARHGEF11; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 isoform X12 [KO:K12331 ]
719199 CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625 ]
719248 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
719305 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861 ]
719367 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
721649 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
721821 MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
721825 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
722033 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
722198 ARHGEF1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12330 ]
722398 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Michaelis M, Doerr HW, Cinatl J
Title
The story of human cytomegalovirus and cancer: increasing evidence and open questions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roy S, Arav-Boger R
Title
New cell-signaling pathways for controlling cytomegalovirus replication.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J, Scholz M, Kotchetkov R, Vogel JU, Doerr HW
Title
Molecular mechanisms of the modulatory effects of HCMV infection in tumor cell biology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Evers DL, Wang X, Huang ES
Title
Cellular stress and signal transduction responses to human cytomegalovirus infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murray MJ, Peters NE, Reeves MB
Title
Navigating the Host Cell Response during Entry into Sites of Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Campadelli-Fiume G, Collins-McMillen D, Gianni T, Yurochko AD
Title
Integrins as Herpesvirus Receptors and Mediators of the Host Signalosome.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fu YZ, Su S, Gao YQ, Wang PP, Huang ZF, Hu MM, Luo WW, Li S, Luo MH, Wang YY, Shu HB
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein UL82 Inhibits STING-Mediated Signaling to Evade Antiviral Immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hancock MH, Nelson JA
Title
Modulation of the NFkappab Signalling Pathway by Human Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Virology (Hyderabad) 1:104 (2017)
Reference
Authors
Rahman MM, McFadden G
Title
Modulation of NF-kappaB signalling by microbial pathogens.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang J, Feng H, Xu S, Feng P
Title
Hijacking GPCRs by viral pathogens and tumor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee S, Chung YH, Lee C
Title
US28, a Virally-Encoded GPCR as an Antiviral Target for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Langemeijer EV, Slinger E, de Munnik S, Schreiber A, Maussang D, Vischer H, Verkaar F, Leurs R, Siderius M, Smit MJ
Title
Constitutive beta-catenin signaling by the viral chemokine receptor US28.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Couty JP, Gershengorn MC
Title
G-protein-coupled receptors encoded by human herpesviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fiallos E, Judkins J, Matlaf L, Prichard M, Dittmer D, Cobbs C, Soroceanu L
Title
Human cytomegalovirus gene expression in long-term infected glioma stem cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Siderius M, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs: neglected players in inflammatory and proliferative diseases?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Slinger E, Langemeijer E, Siderius M, Vischer HF, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs rewire cellular signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murphy PM
Title
Viral exploitation and subversion of the immune system through chemokine mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
HCMV-encoded G-protein-coupled receptors as constitutively active modulators of cellular signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Munnik SM, Smit MJ, Leurs R, Vischer HF
Title
Modulation of cellular signaling by herpesvirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Michelson S
Title
Consequences of human cytomegalovirus mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tu CC, Arnolds KL, O'Connor CM, Spencer JV
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus UL111A and US27 Gene Products Enhance the CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Axis via Distinct Mechanisms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Busillo JM, Benovic JL
Title
Regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noriega V, Redmann V, Gardner T, Tortorella D
Title
Diverse immune evasion strategies by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Loureiro J, Ploegh HL
Title
Antigen presentation and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in host-pathogen interactions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fortunato EA, McElroy AK, Sanchez I, Spector DH
Title
Exploitation of cellular signaling and regulatory pathways by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Scholz M, Doerr HW
Title
Role of tumor cell immune escape mechanisms in cytomegalovirus-mediated oncomodulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Vogel JU, Kotchetkov R, Wilhelm Doerr H
Title
Oncomodulatory signals by regulatory proteins encoded by human cytomegalovirus: a novel role for viral infection in tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Castillo JP, Kowalik TF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus immediate early proteins and cell growth control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kalejta RF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus pp71: a new viral tool to probe the mechanisms of cell cycle progression and oncogenesis controlled by the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W
Title
Inhibition of programmed cell death by cytomegaloviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W, Andoniou CE
Title
Die Another Day: Inhibition of Cell Death Pathways by Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamin R, Lecker LSM, Weisblum Y, Vitenshtein A, Le-Trilling VTK, Wolf DG, Mandelboim O
Title
HCMV vCXCL1 Binds Several Chemokine Receptors and Preferentially Attracts Neutrophils over NK Cells by Interacting with CXCR2.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang X, Sanchez J, Stone MJ, Payne RJ
Title
Sulfation of the Human Cytomegalovirus Protein UL22A Enhances Binding to the Chemokine RANTES.
Journal
Related pathway
mcc04612 Antigen processing and presentation
mcc04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway