KEGG   PATHWAY: hsa04014
Entry
hsa04014                    Pathway                                
Name
Ras signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
The Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation or cytoskeletal dynamism. Ras proteins transduce signals from extracellular growth factors by cycling between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. The exchange of GTP for GDP on RAS is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Activated RAS (RAS-GTP) regulates multiple cellular functions through effectors including Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Ral guanine nucleotide-dissociation stimulator (RALGDS).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
hsa04014  Ras signaling pathway
hsa04014

Network
nt06213  Other RAS signaling (cancer)
nt06260  Colorectal cancer
nt06262  Pancreatic cancer
nt06266  Non-small cell lung cancer
nt06526  MAPK signaling
  Element
N00096  EGF-EGFR-RAS-RASSF1 signaling pathway
N00103  EGF-EGFR-RAS-RalGDS signaling pathway
N01595  Regulation of GF-RTK-RAS-ERK signaling pathway, adaptor proteins
N01598  Regulation of GF-RTK-RAS-ERK signaling, MRAS-SHOC2-PP1 holophosphatase
Drug
D00967  Toremifene citrate (JAN/USAN)
D02970  Aprinocarsen sodium (USAN)
D04014  Enzastaurin hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D06402  Sunitinib malate (JAN/USAN)
D08279  Tozasertib (USAN)
D08344  Tozasertib lactate (USAN)
D08552  Sunitinib (INN)
D08620  Toremifene (INN)
D09371  Ramucirumab (USAN)
D09666  Selumetinib (USAN/INN)
D10024  Selumetinib sulfate (JAN/USAN)
D10062  Cabozantinib (USAN)
D10095  Cabozantinib s-malate (USAN)
D10173  Tivantinib (JAN/USAN/INN)
D10175  Trametinib (USAN)
D10176  Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide (JAN/USAN)
D10190  Tivozanib hydrochloride (USAN)
D10224  Golvatinib (USAN)
D10405  Cobimetinib (USAN/INN)
D10426  Pimasertib (USAN/INN)
D10465  Golvatinib tartrate (USAN)
D10486  Pimasertib hydrochloride (USAN)
D10615  Cobimetinib fumarate (USAN)
D10696  Capmatinib (USAN/INN)
D10800  Gilteritinib fumarate (JAN/USAN)
D10891  Capmatinib hydrochloride (USAN)
D11038  Ulixertinib (INN)
D11073  Tepotinib hydrochloride (USAN)
D11125  Modotuximab (USAN/INN)
D11126  Navicixizumab (USAN/INN)
D11279  Avapritinib (USAN/INN)
D11285  Ravoxertinib (USAN/INN)
D11642  Dilpacimab (USAN/INN)
D11675  Mirdametinib (USAN)
D11717  Tepotinib (USAN/INN)
D11786  Vodobatinib (USAN)
D11885  Surufatinib (USAN/INN)
D11894  Amivantamab (USAN/INN)
D11935  Enzastaurin (USAN/INN)
D12055  Sotorasib (JAN/USAN)
D12059  Temuterkib (USAN)
D12060  Temuterkib mesylate (USAN)
D12175  Olverembatinib (USAN/INN)
D12301  Adagrasib (USAN/INN)
D12392  Fosgonimeton (USAN/INN)
D12393  Fosgonimeton sodium (USAN)
D12404  Tasurgratinib (INN)
D12405  Tasurgratinib succinate (JAN)
D12416  Petosemtamab (USAN/INN)
D12424  Davutamig (USAN)
D12444  Nilotinib hydrochloride dihydrate (JAN)
D12450  Elenestinib (USAN)
D12476  Tuspetinib (USAN/INN)
D12515  Avutometinib (USAN/INN)
D12534  Avutometinib potassium (USAN)
D12557  Elzovantinib (USAN/INN)
D12600  Bezuclastinib (USAN/INN)
D12635  Sozinibercept (USAN/INN)
D12639  Divarasib (USAN/INN)
D12640  Divarasib adipate (USAN)
D12650  Zanzalintinib (USAN/INN)
D12651  Zanzalintinib fumarate (USAN)
D12705  Gumarontinib hydrate (JAN)
D12799  Vociprotafib (USAN/INN)
D12808  Ivonescimab (USAN/INN)
D12809  Bafisontamab (USAN/INN)
D12853  Olomorasib (USAN)
D12854  Nilotinib laurylsulfate (USAN)
D12865  Beroterkib (USAN)
D12892  Migoprotafib (USAN/INN)
D12921  Tizaterkib (USAN/INN)
D12922  Tizaterkib adipate (USAN)
D13008  Nilotinib D-tartrate (USAN)
D13038  Opnurasib (USAN/INN)
D13039  Nedometinib (USAN/INN)
D13066  Tilatamig (USAN/INN)
D13067  Tilatamig samrotecan (USAN/INN)
D13097  Polfurmetinib (USAN)
D13132  Flezurafenib (USAN/INN)
D13156  Pamvatamig (USAN/INN)
D13203  Vepugratinib (USAN)
D13229  Amivantamab (genetical recombination) and vorhyaluronidase alfa (genetical recombination)
D13236  Tunlametinib (INN)
D13250  Zoldonrasib (USAN/INN)
D13256  Cabozantinib laurylsulfate (USAN)
D13265  Daraxonrasib (USAN/INN)
D13266  Elironrasib (USAN/INN)
D13267  Debecarasib (USAN)
D13308  Nilotinib butanedisulfonate (USAN)
D13350  Atebimetinib (USAN/INN)
D13352  Elisrasib
Other DBs
GO: 0032318
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
Gene
10000  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100137049  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100271927  RASA4B; ras GTPase-activating protein 4B isoform 2 [KO:K17630]
100652777  PLA2G10BP; group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
10125  RASGRP1; RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1 isoform a [KO:K04350]
10156  RASA4; ras GTPase-activating protein 4 isoform 1 [KO:K17630]
10235  RASGRP2; RAS guanyl-releasing protein 2 isoform a [KO:K12361]
10298  PAK4; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 isoform 1 [KO:K05734] [EC:2.7.11.1]
10681  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform b [KO:K04539]
106821730  BUB1B-PAK6; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 6 [KO:K05735] [EC:2.7.11.1]
10928  RALBP1; ralA-binding protein 1 [KO:K08773]
110117499  P3R3URF-PIK3R3; LOC110117498-PIK3R3 readthrough [KO:K02649]
11145  PLAAT3; phospholipase A and acyltransferase 3 [KO:K16817] [EC:3.1.1.32 3.1.1.4]
11186  RASSF1; ras association domain-containing protein 1 isoform D [KO:K09850]
1147  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform 1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
115727  RASGRP4; RAS guanyl-releasing protein 4 isoform a [KO:K12363]
123745  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon isoform 1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
125467750  EFNA4-EFNA3; EFNA4-EFNA3 protein precursor [KO:K05462]
1435  CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform a precursor [KO:K05453]
1436  CSF1R; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor isoform a precursor [KO:K05090] [EC:2.7.10.1]
163688  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform 1 [KO:K02183]
1942  EFNA1; ephrin-A1 isoform a precursor [KO:K05462]
1943  EFNA2; ephrin-A2 precursor [KO:K05462]
1944  EFNA3; ephrin-A3 precursor [KO:K05462]
1945  EFNA4; ephrin-A4 isoform a precursor [KO:K05462]
1946  EFNA5; ephrin-A5 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05462]
1950  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K04357]
1956  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform a precursor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
1969  EPHA2; ephrin type-A receptor 2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05103] [EC:2.7.10.1]
2002  ELK1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 isoform a [KO:K04375]
207  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
208  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
2113  ETS1; protein C-ets-1 isoform 2 [KO:K02678]
2114  ETS2; protein C-ets-2 isoform 1 [KO:K21932]
2246  FGF1; fibroblast growth factor 1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K18496]
2247  FGF2; fibroblast growth factor 2 isoform 34 kDa [KO:K18497]
2248  FGF3; fibroblast growth factor 3 precursor [KO:K04358]
2249  FGF4; fibroblast growth factor 4 precursor [KO:K04358]
2250  FGF5; fibroblast growth factor 5 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04358]
2251  FGF6; fibroblast growth factor 6 precursor [KO:K04358]
2252  FGF7; fibroblast growth factor 7 precursor [KO:K04358]
2253  FGF8; fibroblast growth factor 8 isoform E precursor [KO:K04358]
2254  FGF9; fibroblast growth factor 9 precursor [KO:K04358]
2255  FGF10; fibroblast growth factor 10 precursor [KO:K04358]
2260  FGFR1; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04362] [EC:2.7.10.1]
2261  FGFR3; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05094] [EC:2.7.10.1]
2263  FGFR2; fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05093] [EC:2.7.10.1]
2264  FGFR4; fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05095] [EC:2.7.10.1]
2277  VEGFD; vascular endothelial growth factor D preproprotein [KO:K05449]
22800  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform a [KO:K07830]
22808  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform 1 precursor [KO:K07831]
22821  RASA3; ras GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform 1 [KO:K12380]
23179  RGL1; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 1 isoform 3 [KO:K17635]
2321  FLT1; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05096] [EC:2.7.10.1]
2322  FLT3; receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 precursor [KO:K05092] [EC:2.7.10.1]
2323  FLT3LG; fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05454]
2324  FLT4; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05097] [EC:2.7.10.1]
25  ABL1; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 isoform a [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
253959  RALGAPA1; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-1 isoform 1 [KO:K25768]
2549  GAB1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 isoform b [KO:K09593]
255189  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
25759  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 isoform 1 [KO:K17447]
25780  RASGRP3; ras guanyl-releasing protein 3 isoform 1 [KO:K12362]
26279  PLA2G2D; group IID secretory phospholipase A2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
26281  FGF20; fibroblast growth factor 20 [KO:K04358]
26291  FGF21; fibroblast growth factor 21 precursor [KO:K22429]
27  ABL2; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2 isoform b [KO:K08887] [EC:2.7.10.2]
27006  FGF22; fibroblast growth factor 22 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04358]
27040  LAT; linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 isoform a [KO:K07362]
2782  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 isoform 1 [KO:K04536]
2783  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
2784  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform 1 [KO:K07825]
2785  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
2786  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
2787  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
2788  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
2790  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
2791  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 precursor [KO:K04546]
2792  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 precursor [KO:K04548]
2793  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
283455  KSR2; kinase suppressor of Ras 2 [KO:K18529] [EC:2.7.11.1]
283748  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
284  ANGPT1; angiopoietin-1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05465]
285  ANGPT2; angiopoietin-2 isoform a precursor [KO:K05466]
2885  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 isoform 1 [KO:K04364]
2902  GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform GluN1-1a precursor [KO:K05208]
2903  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05209]
2904  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B isoform a precursor [KO:K05210]
29110  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
30814  PLA2G2E; group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
3082  HGF; hepatocyte growth factor isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K05460]
3265  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform 1 [KO:K02833]
3363  HTR7; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 isoform d [KO:K04163]
3479  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor 1 isoform 3 preproprotein [KO:K05459]
3480  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
3481  IGF2; insulin-like growth factor 2 isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K13769]
3551  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform 1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
356  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform 1 [KO:K04389]
3630  INS; insulin preproprotein [KO:K04526]
3643  INSR; insulin receptor isoform Long preproprotein [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
3791  KDR; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 precursor [KO:K05098] [EC:2.7.10.1]
3815  KIT; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
382  ARF6; ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
3845  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform a [KO:K07827]
387  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04513]
391013  PLA2G2C; putative inactive group IIC secretory phospholipase A2 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
399694  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
4233  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor isoform b preproprotein [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
4254  KITLG; kit ligand isoform b precursor [KO:K05461]
4301  AFDN; afadin isoform 6 [KO:K05702]
4303  FOXO4; forkhead box protein O4 isoform 1 [KO:K12358]
4763  NF1; neurofibromin isoform 1 [KO:K08052]
4790  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 2 proprotein [KO:K02580]
4803  NGF; beta-nerve growth factor precursor [KO:K02582]
4804  NGFR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 precursor [KO:K02583]
4893  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
4908  NTF3; neurotrophin-3 isoform 2 preproprotein [KO:K04356]
4909  NTF4; neurotrophin-4 preproprotein [KO:K12457]
4914  NTRK1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor isoform 2 precursor [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
4915  NTRK2; BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor isoform c precursor [KO:K04360] [EC:2.7.10.1]
50487  PLA2G3; group 3 secretory phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5058  PAK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 isoform 2 [KO:K04409] [EC:2.7.11.1]
5062  PAK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2 [KO:K04410] [EC:2.7.11.1]
5063  PAK3; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 3 isoform d [KO:K05733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
51196  PLCE1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 isoform 1 [KO:K05860] [EC:3.1.4.11]
51365  PLA1A; phospholipase A1 member A isoform 1 precursor [KO:K13618] [EC:3.1.1.111]
51378  ANGPT4; angiopoietin-4 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05467]
5154  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K04359]
5155  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K17386]
5156  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
5159  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
51764  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
51806  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
5228  PGF; placenta growth factor isoform 2 precursor [KO:K16859]
5290  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5291  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform 1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5293  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform 1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5295  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform 1 [KO:K02649]
5296  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
5319  PLA2G1B; phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5320  PLA2G2A; phospholipase A2, membrane associated precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5321  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform 1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5322  PLA2G5; phospholipase A2 group V precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5335  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform b [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
53358  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
5336  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5337  PLD1; phospholipase D1 isoform a [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
5338  PLD2; phospholipase D2 isoform PLD2A [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
54331  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 precursor [KO:K07826]
54979  PLAAT2; phospholipase A and acyltransferase 2 [KO:K16817] [EC:3.1.1.32 3.1.1.4]
5566  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform Calpha1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
5567  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform 2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
5568  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
55770  EXOC2; exocyst complex component 2 [KO:K17637]
5578  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5579  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform 1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5582  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform 2 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5594  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5595  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
55970  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
5599  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform alpha2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5601  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform alpha2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5602  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform 1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
56034  PDGFC; platelet-derived growth factor C precursor [KO:K05450]
5604  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
5605  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform 1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
56924  PAK6; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 6 isoform 1 [KO:K05735] [EC:2.7.11.1]
57144  PAK5; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 5 [KO:K05736] [EC:2.7.11.1]
57148  RALGAPB; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit beta isoform 1 [KO:K25769]
57186  RALGAPA2; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-2 [KO:K25768]
572  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
5781  PTPN11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 isoform 1 [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
5863  RGL2; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2 isoform 1 [KO:K17636]
5868  RAB5A; ras-related protein Rab-5A isoform 1 [KO:K07887]
5869  RAB5B; ras-related protein Rab-5B isoform 1 [KO:K07888]
5878  RAB5C; ras-related protein Rab-5C isoform a [KO:K07889]
5879  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform Rac1 [KO:K04392]
5880  RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860]
5881  RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform 1 [KO:K07861]
5894  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform b [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
5898  RALA; ras-related protein Ral-A precursor [KO:K07834]
5899  RALB; ras-related protein Ral-B [KO:K07835]
5900  RALGDS; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator isoform 1 [KO:K08732]
5906  RAP1A; ras-related protein Rap-1A precursor [KO:K04353]
5908  RAP1B; ras-related protein Rap-1b isoform 1 precursor [KO:K07836]
5921  RASA1; ras GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform 1 [KO:K04352]
5922  RASA2; ras GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform 2 [KO:K08053]
5923  RASGRF1; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 isoform 1 [KO:K04349]
5924  RASGRF2; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 [KO:K12326]
59345  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
5966  REL; proto-oncogene c-Rel isoform 1 [KO:K09254]
5970  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform 1 [KO:K04735]
598  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform Bcl-X(L) [KO:K04570]
6237  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
627  BDNF; neurotrophic factor BDNF precursor form isoform a preproprotein [KO:K04355]
64600  PLA2G2F; group IIF secretory phospholipase A2 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
6464  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform 1 [KO:K06279]
64926  RASAL3; RAS protein activator like-3 isoform 1 [KO:K17634]
6654  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform 1 [KO:K03099]
6655  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform 1 [KO:K03099]
6789  STK4; serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 isoform 1 [KO:K04411]
7010  TEK; angiopoietin-1 receptor isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05121] [EC:2.7.10.1]
7039  TGFA; protransforming growth factor alpha isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K08774]
7074  TIAM1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM1 isoform 1 [KO:K05731]
7422  VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform b [KO:K05448]
7423  VEGFB; vascular endothelial growth factor B isoform VEGFB-186 precursor [KO:K16858]
7424  VEGFC; vascular endothelial growth factor C preproprotein [KO:K05449]
7535  ZAP70; tyrosine-protein kinase ZAP-70 isoform 1 [KO:K07360] [EC:2.7.10.2]
801  CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform 2 [KO:K02183]
80310  PDGFD; platelet-derived growth factor D isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05450]
8036  SHOC2; leucine-rich repeat protein SHOC-2 isoform 1 [KO:K19613]
805  CALM2; calmodulin-2 isoform 2 [KO:K02183]
8074  FGF23; fibroblast growth factor 23 precursor [KO:K22428]
808  CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform 1 [KO:K02183]
810  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
81579  PLA2G12A; group XIIA secretory phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
8315  BRAP; BRCA1-associated protein [KO:K10632] [EC:2.3.2.27]
83593  RASSF5; ras association domain-containing protein 5 isoform A [KO:K08015]
8398  PLA2G6; 85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2 isoform a [KO:K16343] [EC:3.1.1.4]
8399  PLA2G10; group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 preproprotein [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
8437  RASAL1; rasGAP-activating-like protein 1 isoform 2 [KO:K17632]
84647  PLA2G12B; group XIIB secretory phospholipase A2-like protein isoform a precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
8503  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform 1 [KO:K02649]
8517  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform a [KO:K07210]
8605  PLA2G4C; cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma isoform 1 precursor [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
8681  JMJD7-PLA2G4B; JMJD7-PLA2G4B protein isoform b [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
8817  FGF18; fibroblast growth factor 18 precursor [KO:K04358]
8822  FGF17; fibroblast growth factor 17 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04358]
8823  FGF16; fibroblast growth factor 16 [KO:K04358]
8831  SYNGAP1; ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein SynGAP isoform 1 [KO:K17631]
8844  KSR1; kinase suppressor of Ras 1 isoform 2 [KO:K14958]
91860  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform 1 [KO:K02183]
94235  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
9462  RASAL2; ras GTPase-activating protein nGAP isoform 1 [KO:K17633]
9610  RIN1; ras and Rab interactor 1 isoform 1 [KO:K17638]
9771  RAPGEF5; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5 isoform 2 [KO:K08019]
9846  GAB2; GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 isoform a [KO:K08091]
9965  FGF19; fibroblast growth factor 19 precursor [KO:K22603]
998  CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04393]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:18568040
  Authors
Karnoub AE, Weinberg RA
  Title
Ras oncogenes: split personalities.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:517-31 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2438
Reference
PMID:12778136
  Authors
Malumbres M, Barbacid M
  Title
RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 3:459-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1097
Reference
PMID:21686117
  Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
  Title
Ras history: The saga continues.
  Journal
Small GTPases 1:2-27 (2010)
DOI:10.4161/sgtp.1.1.12178
Reference
PMID:12642680
  Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
  Title
Ras family signaling: therapeutic targeting.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 1:599-606 (2002)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.306
Reference
PMID:17428555
  Authors
Rajalingam K, Schreck R, Rapp UR, Albert S
  Title
Ras oncogenes and their downstream targets.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1773:1177-95 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.01.012
Reference
PMID:17384584
  Authors
Schubbert S, Shannon K, Bollag G
  Title
Hyperactive Ras in developmental disorders and cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 7:295-308 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrc2109
Reference
PMID:22233291
  Authors
Poulogiannis G, Luo F, Arends MJ
  Title
RAS signalling in the colorectum in health and disease.
  Journal
Cell Commun Adhes 19:1-9 (2012)
DOI:10.3109/15419061.2011.649380
Reference
PMID:22020205
  Authors
Berndt N, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM
  Title
Targeting protein prenylation for cancer therapy.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 11:775-91 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3151
Reference
PMID:21196257
  Authors
Overmeyer JH, Maltese WA
  Title
Death pathways triggered by activated Ras in cancer cells.
  Journal
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 16:1693-713 (2011)
DOI:10.2741/3814
Reference
PMID:16869784
  Authors
Rodriguez-Viciana P, Tetsu O, Oda K, Okada J, Rauen K, McCormick F
  Title
Cancer targets in the Ras pathway.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 70:461-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1101/sqb.2005.70.044
Reference
PMID:14663478
  Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
  Title
The dark side of Ras: regulation of apoptosis.
  Journal
Oncogene 22:8999-9006 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1207111
Reference
PMID:18413813
  Authors
Braun BS, Shannon K
  Title
Targeting Ras in myeloid leukemias.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 14:2249-52 (2008)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1005
Reference
PMID:20420946
  Authors
Pino MS, Chung DC
  Title
The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 138:2059-72 (2010)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.065
Reference
PMID:12217381
  Authors
Schrader JW, Schallhorn A, Grill B, Guo X
  Title
Activation of small GTPases of the Ras and Rho family by growth factors active on mast cells.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 38:1181-6 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00060-3
Reference
PMID:22189424
  Authors
Ahearn IM, Haigis K, Bar-Sagi D, Philips MR
  Title
Regulating the regulator: post-translational modification of RAS.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 13:39-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrm3255
Reference
PMID:11313946
  Authors
Ehrhardt GR, Korherr C, Wieler JS, Knaus M, Schrader JW
  Title
A novel potential effector of M-Ras and p21 Ras negatively regulates p21 Ras-mediated gene induction and cell growth.
  Journal
Oncogene 20:188-97 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1204053
Reference
PMID:16966426
  Authors
Goldfinger LE, Ptak C, Jeffery ED, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Ginsberg MH
  Title
RLIP76 (RalBP1) is an R-Ras effector that mediates adhesion-dependent Rac activation and cell migration.
  Journal
J Cell Biol 174:877-88 (2006)
DOI:10.1083/jcb.200603111
Reference
PMID:23506953
  Authors
Kortum RL, Rouquette-Jazdanian AK, Samelson LE
  Title
Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in thymocytes and T cells.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 34:259-68 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2013.02.004
Reference
PMID:15572660
  Authors
Roberts DM, Anderson AL, Hidaka M, Swetenburg RL, Patterson C, Stanford WL, Bautch VL
  Title
A vascular gene trap screen defines RasGRP3 as an angiogenesis-regulated gene required for the endothelial response to phorbol esters.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biol 24:10515-28 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.24.24.10515-10528.2004
Reference
PMID:10712923
  Authors
Reuther GW, Der CJ
  Title
The Ras branch of small GTPases: Ras family members don't fall far from the tree.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 12:157-65 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0955-0674(99)00071-X
Reference
PMID:21111786
  Authors
Fernandez-Medarde A, Santos E
  Title
The RasGrf family of mammalian guanine nucleotide exchange factors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1815:170-88 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.11.001
Reference
PMID:18437264
  Authors
Iwashita S, Song SY
  Title
RasGAPs: a crucial regulator of extracellular stimuli for homeostasis of cellular functions.
  Journal
Mol Biosyst 4:213-22 (2008)
DOI:10.1039/b716357f
Reference
PMID:15062121
  Authors
Ory S, Morrison DK
  Title
Signal transduction: implications for Ras-dependent ERK signaling.
  Journal
Curr Biol 14:R277-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2004.03.023
Reference
PMID:19091743
  Authors
Matheny SA, White MA
  Title
Signaling threshold regulation by the Ras effector IMP.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 284:11007-11 (2009)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R800082200
Reference
PMID:20602996
  Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
  Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
  Journal
Cell 141:1117-34 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.011
Reference
PMID:22367796
  Authors
Skaper SD
  Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
  Journal
Methods Mol Biol 846:1-12 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/978-1-61779-536-7_1
Reference
PMID:34074494
  Authors
Apken LH, Oeckinghaus A
  Title
The RAL signaling network: Cancer and beyond.
  Journal
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 361:21-105 (2021)
DOI:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.005
Related
pathway
hsa04010  MAPK signaling pathway
hsa04015  Rap1 signaling pathway
hsa04020  Calcium signaling pathway
hsa04144  Endocytosis
hsa04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
hsa04660  T cell receptor signaling pathway
hsa04720  Long-term potentiation
hsa04810  Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
ko04014   

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